What is mode?
Then mid point of a distribution
The average of the mean and median
The most
frequently occuring data point in a set of observations
The arithmetic balance point of a distribution
How is the risk priority number in a FMEA exercise derived?
occurrence x detection x control
severity x
occurrence x detection
severity x occurrence x risk
severity x risk x detection
What does the total area beneath a normal curve equate to?
2
0.5
1.5
1
Measuring a process' performance against that of a best-in-class peer or competitor, and then using the findings to identify opportunities to improve, is defined as what?
Six Sigma improvement
Contol charting
Benchmarking
Control defining
Which of the following are potential benefits of Process Mapping?
To reveal unnecessary, complex, and redundant steps
in a process.
(All of these)
To compare the actual process, and all its
variations, against the ideal process
To give all team members a single, common view of
the entire process
What does a diamond symbol signify in a Process Map
Repair Station
Decision
Beginning
Ending
Which quality innovator formulated the cause and effect diagram?
Okinawa
Juran
Ishikawa
Deming
Team empowerment derives from: A. The organizational management B. Access to organizational information C. Access granted to organizational resources
A
A and C
B and C
C
A, B, and C
When the mean of the process is outside the customer specification limits the value of Cpk will be:
Negative
1
2
0.5
Which of the following is an INAPPROPRiate application of a Pareto chart?
A critically weighted ranking of categories
An alphabetic
based ranking of categories
A financially weighted ranking of categories
A frequency based ranking of categories
Which of the following is NOT a DMAIC term?
Measure
Analyze
Define
Cause
When considering the "rule of thumb" that 20% of the inputs result in 80% of the outputs, what graphical tool is effective for prioritizing Critical X's?
Control Chart
Pareto Chart
Bar Chart
Skew Chart
The surface appearance of a refrigerator is not satisfactory. This statement is the outcome of what analysis/evaluation?
Range chart analysis
Attribute
Measurement
Variable Measurement
Mean chart analysis
Six Sigma is a managerial approach designed to create processes resulting in at most how many defects?
0.34 defects per million opportunities
340 defects per million opportunities
34 defects per million opportunities
3.4 defects per
million opportunities
A team has been asked to improve the small purchase process in a firm. They decide to create a flow chart of the existing process because it will:
Rank costs
Improve takt time
Identify wastes
Prioritize delays
Visualize the
process
What first step should six sigma projects begin with?
Initiation
Charter
Define
Analyze
What does SIPOC stand for?
Suppliers, Inputs, Procedure, Outputs, Customers
Systems Inputs, Process, Outputs, Complex
Suppliers,
Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers
Simple, Inputs, Procedure, Outputs, Constructs
When would Cp equal Cpk in a capability index calculation?
When the process
is perfectly centered
When Cp=pp
When the standard deviation is less than 1
When the specification limits are wide
Statistics are an important part of the analysis phase. What is the largest value minus the smallest value?
The mean
The variance
The range
The standard deviation
The objective of Design of Experiments (DOE) is to:
Establish the best graphing method to illustrate
process performance
Map all process steps and determine their average
duration
Determine the mean and standard deviation of a
population
Find the right
settings for key process input variables, to optimize process performance
The mentor for a Green Belt exam should be at least be designated what?
Master Black Belt
Black Belt
Champion
Green Belt
Excessive conflict within a work team: A: Has a positive effect on creating alternate solutions B: Most often results in lose-lose situations C: Has a negative effect on team members and should be avoided
C
B and C
A
A and B
A, B, and C
In an estimated Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) equation, what is the Defects per Unit (DPU) threshold limit?
<20%
<15%
<30%
<10%
The proportion of units that go through a process for the first time without defect is called:
the success yield
the first pass
yield
the first pass inspection
the KPI
Callaway makes golf clubs. Which of the following is not considered one of Callaways internal customers?
Marketing
Packaging
Distribution
Retail Store
Why are variable control chart subgroup sizes generally 3, 4, 5, or 6? A: Larger subgroup sizes would permit an opportunity for process changes with the subgroup. B: They easily fit on traditional chart paper C: They are large enough so that averages of data will follow the normal distribution D: They permit a separation of within time from time-to-time variation
B and C
D
C
A
A, C, and D
True or false? Regression tests are functional tests.
False
True
When implementing Statistical Process Control which of the following would be considered undesirable?
The SPC is used for tracking transaction times at a
warehouse
The lower control limit for the R chart is 0
The control
limits are wider than customer specification limits
The process is already in statistical control
The over-arching intent of a Six Sigma analysis is to:
Eliminate all forms of waste (defects, waiting,
over production, etc.)
Reduce variation to be within the customer's
specification limits.
Center the process mean to align with the
customer's target.
Reduce variation
to be within the customer's specification limits, and to center the process
mean to align with the customer's target.
Which of the following tools is used to translate broad requirements to specific requirements:
Data chart
Process chart
Quality Control Plan
Critical to
Quality (CTQ) tree
TPM efforts attempt to minimize six big losses. Which of the following would NOT be included:
Reduced yields
Equipment failure
Employee
absenteeism
Setup and adjustment
True or false? Benchmarking always focuses on companies within the same industry.
True
False
True of false? You can always use the same standard deviation when calculating a sigma score, regardless of time frame.
False
True
Which of the following reflects the meaning of the word “Poka –Yoke�
Low Quality
Expensive
With defects
Mistake Proof
Which of the following techniques is most suitable to collect requirements at the earliest stages of designing a process or a product
Muka
QFD
FTA
FMEA
What is the F distribution used for?
To study the
equality of two variances
To analyze data
To study the equality of two means
To review errors
The tendency for highly cohesive groups to lose their critical evaluative capabilities is:
Human Needs
Nominal Group Technique
The Skinner Box
Groupthink
Cognition
The QFD process can be described as:
Technical results driven process
A customer
driven process
Financial metrics approach
Parametric approach
Customer competitive assessment
When used together for variables data, which of the following pair of quantities is the most useful in preparing controls charts?
R, sigma
t-test, chi-square
X-bar and R
p, n
AQL, p-bar
What six sigma technique is used to quantify the amount of error in a measurement system?
Gage R&R
Standard Deviation
Poisson Test
Process Capability
Which of the following methods model the effect of two or more inputs on an output variable?
XY Diagram
Linear Regression
Multivariate
regression
Correlation coefficient
What is the most logical reason for using short run SPC charts?
There is a need to simplify the process
There is limited
data
There is a need to plot multiple variables per
chart
There is limited operator time
Which of the following devices are associated with the visual factory
Standard work instructions
Work cells
Queue times
Andon boards
Which of the following is NOT a common categorization in Value Add Analysis?
Value enabling
Non value adding
Value adding
Value failure
Which of the following represents how variance is computed?
Average squared
deviation of each individual data point from the mean
Difference between maximum and minimum value of a
set of data points
Average deviation of values from the mean of a data
distribution
Average of median and mean
The distribution of the average of n samples will follow which distribution as n becomes large?
Normal
Lognormal
Poisson
Exponential
My company operates at a yield of 68.27%, At what sigmal level is my company operating at?
5 sigma
2 sigma
3 sigma
1 sigma
The following objectives are relevant to which Phase of a DMAIC Six Sigma Project: * Identify the measurable Y metric that will be improved. * Define a defect from the customer’s perspective * Ensure that you can trust the measurement of the Y
Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
A process resulting in 99% accuracy to customer specifications, is equivalent to what Sigma level (Process Capability)?
5 Sigma
6 Sigma
4 Sigma
3.8 Sigma
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is what kind of a tool?
Diagnostic Tool
Check Sheet
Planning Tool
Quality Tool
What variable is used to describe a sigma score?
Y
Chi
Z
X
Why is acceptance sampling conducted?
To estimate if
the entire lot is of acceptable quality
To estimate whether or not the quality of the parts
is acceptable
To remove bad parts from the sample
To determine if every part in the lot needs to be
tested or not
The following objective is relevant to which Phase of a DMAIC Six Sigma Project: To identify the process and Critical to Quality (CTQ) parameters which will be improved, using Voice of the Customer (VOC), Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Pareto Chart, etc.
Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Which of the following is not the preserve of a "Project Champion"
Provides
technical six sigma expertise
Defines Projects
Breaks down roadblocks
Helps recruit team members/obtains resources
After the completion of a process improvement, what two actions are required? A: The operating manual must be revised B: The operating documentation must be updated C: Management should be trained on the new changes D: The documentation users should be trained on the changes
A and C
A and B
C and D
B and D
Subgroups are used in which types of SPC charts?
nU charts
Z Charts
MR Charts
Xbar charts
Which of the following would be an observational study?
a behavior chart
a box and whisker plot
a histogram
a bell curve
Which of the following sets of variables can be controlled to change performance in six sigma?
Transparent Variables
XY Variables
Independent
Variables
Dependent Variables
A chart that contains defect types on the X axis, customers on the Y axis, and numbers of defects at the corresponding column and row intersections is called:
A pareto chart
A matrix diagram
A control chart
A cause and effect diagram
The expected (theoretical) value for a cell in a contingency table is calculated by which formula:
(O-E/E)
row total * column total / column total
(Rows - 1)(Columns -1)
row total *
column total / grand total
Which of the following would non-functional testing be used for?
Testing a
system's architecture
Testing a result
Testing a specific function
Testing a program behavior
When the Upper Specification Limit (USL) and Lower Specification Limit (LSL) for a Six Sigma Process are plotted on a Normal Distribution, they are located at:
+6 standard
deviations and -6 standard deviations from the Mean, respectively
+1 standard deviation and -5 standard deviation
from the Mean, respectively
+5 standard deviation and -1 standard deviation
from the Mean, respectively
+3 standard deviations and -3 standard deviations
from the Mean, respectively
A Six Sigma Black Belt would be responsible for all of the following except:
Line management
of improved processes, post-implementation
Applying Kaizen thinking to drive continuous
improvement
Training organisation staff in six sigma techniques
and team work
Use analytics tools to identify root causes of
problems
What does a control limit indicate?
Desired upper or lower performance limits
a process event or measurement is likely to fall
outside that limit
a process event
or measurement is likely to fall within that limit
he boundary of the bell curve in a normal
distribution
What does 5 sigma represent in defects per million opportunities (DPMO)?
3.4 defects per million opportunities
6,210 defects per million opportunities
233 defects per
million opportunities
66,810 defects per million opportunities
What information does Cp convey?
Lowest value in a range
Highest value in a range
Process
potential
Process performance
Which of the following is NOT an example of non-functional testing?
Black box
testing
Endurance testing
Baseline testing
Compatibility testing
Which of the following is NOT a normally accepted control chart interpretation rule violation?
Seven or more consecutive points above or below the
center line in 20
Six or more consecutive points, upward or downward,
in more than 20 plot points
Ten points in a
row in zone 1
Two or three points in zone 3
Which of the following statements is false with respect to Gage R&R?
Gage R&R can be performed before conducting
Process Capability or Machine Capability studies, to ensure that the
measurements used are reliable indicators of the process or machine output.
R&R can be used to analyze control charts, and
reduce common causes of variation
R&R can be used to qualify operators
proficiency on specific measurement equipment.
When conducting
an R&R Study, you must not use production parts, or parts that are similar
to production parts
Of the following, for what purpose would a p-chart be used?
Measure variation
Monitor the
fraction defective
Monitor the number of defective per unit
Measure the central tendency
"Process ACME" involves the manufacturing of Smart boxes. In Process ACME, A,B,C & D are the opportunities for defects. In one such process, 20 defects were found in 100 smart boxes made. What is the six sigma level at which Process ACME is operating?
3.252
3.145
3.5
3.4
A F-distribution most closely resembles:
An exponential distribution
A t-distribution
A chi-square
distribution
A log normal distribution
A skewed distribution
In Measurement System Analysis the variance contribution allowed for Gage R & R is a maximum of:
15%
10%
30%
20%
Which of the following is NOT an automated regression testing tool?
Tinderbox
BuildBot
TinderBot
TeamCity
There is a 50% chance that a bike will be produced with a defect. This probability is called the:
DPMO
first pass yield
throughput yield
DPU
Cpk has been calculated for a stable, non-automated process. Then, the operator is told to check samples at random and make centering adjustments based on the sample readings. One would expect that:
Process capability has improved
Process
capability has gotten worse
The outcome is unpredictable
If four inspectors were evaluated for the detection and non-detection of a defect in twenty samples, how many degrees of freedom would be used to determine the critical chi-square value?
6
3
16
8
4
A manufacturer of bicycles would like to visualize where the defects occur on the bicycles. The defects encountered so far include missing bolts, paint peeling, missing decals, sharp edges, and bent metal parts. A useful tool for this application is a:
X-type matrix
Scatter diagram
Regression analysis
Measles chart
Histogram
Kanban concepts include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Delivery of components and products only when
needed
Wide
applicability to repetitive and non-repetitive production plants
Minimal storage in production areas
Distress throughout the production system when a
machine failure occurs
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the short run set chart?
The X-bar value is subtracted from the target
The control
limits are looser than with X-bar and R charts
Both high and low range values are plotted
It can be used to plot die cavity data
Kano Model shows the path towards what behavior?
Satisfying a customer
Annoying a customer
Meeting the expectations of a customer
Delighting a
customer
The accuracy of a measuring instrument is linked to the U.S National Standards by:
Standardization
Capability
Confirmation
Traceability
Stress tests
What design methodology uses the IDEA process for product definition and development?
TRIZ
Pugh analysis
Systematic design
Portfolio
architecting
What is the primary metric used in baseline measurement?
Input
Customers
Output
DPU
Which of the following statements about the Student T distribution are true? i) It has a mean of t=0 ii) As the sample size reduces, the student t distribution gets closer to the standard normal distribution iii) The standard deviation of the t distribution is always greater than 1
2 & 3 only
1 & 2 only
1,2 & 3
None
